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sábado, 7 de julho de 2012

Estudo anatômico e artroscópico do ligamento femoropatelar medial

Autores: Gilberto Luís Camacho 1,Alexandre de Christo Viegas 2


1 - Professor associado da FMUSP
2 - Mestre em Ortopedia pela FMUSP


RESUMO

Os autores estudaram em joelhos de 11 cadáveres a presença do ligamento femoropatelar medial.Em 6 joelhos o estudo foi anatômico por dissecção e secção seriada das peças anatômicas. Em 5 joelhos o estudo foi artroscópico pela visibilização nos joelhos do ligamento encontrado nos seis joelhos estudados anatomicamente.
Em todas as peças anatômicas foi possível a dissecção da estrutura ligamentar descrita como o ligamento femoropatelar medial e nos cinco joelhos estudados sob visão artroscópica a visibilização e identificação do ligamento foi evidente .

Descritores: Joelho;  Artroscopia; Traumatismos do joelho.

INTRODUÇÃO

A luxação aguda da articulação femoropatelar é um evento pouco frequente. Ocorre em conseqüência de traumas resultantes de uma associação de movimentos rotacionais com graus variáveis de flexão do joelho.
A história clínica com o relato do trauma, o falseio com dor e a hemartrose é comum à maioria das lesões agudas de joelho, nas quais o exame clínico é difícil pela presença de dor e do espasmo da musculatura, que impedem uma adequada movimentação da articulação, que possibilitaria um diagnóstico clínico preciso. Hughston et al. (6), em 1974, relatam que a luxação femoropatelar aguda é a causa mais freqüente de erro no diagnostico da avaliação do joelho agudo.
O tratamento da luxação femoropatelar aguda é ainda controverso pois alguns autores confundem o tratamento da luxação com o realinhamento do aparelho extensor



A partir dos anos 90 alguns autores (1,2,8) relatam seus resultados no tratamento da luxação aguda da patela, pelo reparo do ligamento femoropatelar medial LFPM descrito por Warren e Marshall (10)  em 1979 .
O conhecimento anatômico e biomecânico deste ligamento e a sua reparação, trouxe resultados melhores
e mais uniformes ao tratamento cirúrgico da luxação aguda da patela (1,9)
.
O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever anatomicamente o LFPM e descrever também o seu aspecto visibilizado por artroscopia, para possibilitar a sua reparação por via artroscópica no tratamento da luxação femoropatelar aguda .

MATERIAL E MÉTODO

Utilizamos para o presente 11 joelhos de cadáveres armazenados no Laboratório de Artroscopia do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clinicas da FMUSP. Estes joelhos haviam sido utilizados para treinamento de meniscectomias e reparações ligamentares ,porém nenhum deles tinha qualquer tipo de abordagem cirúrgica no aparelho extensor do joelho .
Dividimos o estudo em dois:o anatômico e o artroscópico ,pois os joelhos estudados no estudo anatômico
foram dissecados ou cortados impedindo o estudo artroscópico .

ESTUDO ANATÓMICO

Utilizamos para o presente trabalho seis joelhos de cadáveres congelados .
Inicialmente dissecamos o aspecto medial do joelho expondo o músculo vasto medial e sua inserção na
porção medial da patela. Desinserimos o m-vasto medial e verificamos que após a desinserção da patela há um espaço entre o m.vasto medial e cápsula articular facilmente dissecável, não havendo nenhuma inserção anatomicamente detectável entre  o músculo e a cápsula articular, neste nível.
Palpa-se nitidamente um espessamento da cápsula articular posterior ao m-vasto medial que dirige-se do bordo medial da patela até a região do epicôndilo medial .A identificação desta estrutura ocorreu nitidamente em todos os seis joelhos estudados.
A dissecção desta estrutura permite identificar um ligamento que origina-se no bordo medial superior e médio da patela e insere-se no epicôndilo femoral anteriormente a inserção do ligamento colateral medial. (Figuras 1,2,3,4 e 5)





Figura 1 - Aspecto medial do joelho com o ligamento femoropatelar medial sendo levantado pelo instrumento metálico.




Figura 2 - Ligamento femoropatelar medial desinserido do epicôndilo medial.



Figura 3 - Ligamento femoropatelar medial desinserido da patela.





Figura 4 - Corte axial do joelho demonstrando o ligamento femoropatelar medial.




Figura 5 - Corte axial do joelho demonstrando o ligamento femoropatelar medial e traves de inserção entre o ligamento e a face posterior da porção distal do músculo vasto medial.



ESTUDO ARTROSCÓPICO

Utilizamos 5 joelhos de cadáveres congelados para o estudo artroscópico. Realizamos a artroscopia por metodologia convencional.
Pudemos visibilizar, por transparência da membrana sinovial as fibras horizontais do ligamento dirigindo-se do bordo medial da patela até o epicôndilo medial.
Fizemos em todos os casos a sinovectomia medial extensa utilizando para tal um “shaver” com lamina própria para sinovectomia.
Após a sinovectomia a visualização e a palpação do LFPM tornou-se evidente.
Trata-se de uma estrutura com aspecto tendinoso que dirige-se da face medial da patela até a região mais anterior do epicôndilo medial.
A sua visibilizaçào foi possível em todos os 5 joelhos estudados. (Figuras 6 e 7)




Figura 6 - Imagem obtida por visibilização artroscópica da região medial para patelar do joelho,pós sinovectomia, demonstrando o LFPM




Figura 7 - Imagem obtida por visibilização artroscópica da região medial para patelar do joelho,pós sinovectomia, com o gancho de palpação demonstrando o LFPM





DISCUSSÃO

A motivação de realizarmos um estudo anatômico foi procurar padronizar uma técnica de sutura e reparo do LFPM ,para tratamento da luxação femoropatelar aguda.
Warren e Marshall(10) em 1979, após estudo anatômico detalhado do lado medial do joelho descrevem o ligamento femoropatelar medial. Este ligamento é mais profundo que o músculo vasto medial, originando-se no epicôndilo femoral medial e inserindo-se no bordo medial da patela.
O ligamento femoropatelar medial não consta da nomina anatômica.
Hughston et al.(7), em 1984 ,referem-se ao ligamento pateloepicondilar como suporte estático da estabilidade femoropatelar.
Consideram, no seu trabalho, o vasto medial obliquo como o mais importante estabilizador dinâmico da patela.
Relatam a lesão do músculo vasto medial com o ligamento chamado pelos autores de pateloepicondilar, por desinserção no epicôndilo em algumas luxações agudas da patela.
Pela descrição dos autores parece que os mesmos estão se referindo ao ligamento femoropatelar medial descrito por Warren e Marshall(10).
Baseamos nesta descrição inicial para localizarmos o LFPM nos cadáveres estudados e encontramos em todos o ligamento nitidamente presente.
Feller et al.(5) ,em 1993 ,estudaram joelhos de 20 cadáveres e confirmaram a existência do ligamento femoropatelar medial em todos. 
Colan et al.(3), em 1993, estudaram 25 cadáveres congelados e reconheceram o ligamento femoropatelar medial em todos. Fizeram estudos biomecânicos que constituíam em tentar luxar a patela lateralmente, para estudar quais as principais estruturas que impediam esta luxação. Verificaram que a força correspondente a integridade do ligamento femoropatelar medial é responsável por 53% de toda a força de contensores mediais.
Desio et al.(4) em 1998 fizeram um interessante estudo em 9 cadáveres humanos. Provocavam a luxação da patela com uma máquina que aplicava uma força lateral de 200 N com o joelho fletido a 20 graus. Realizavam a secção seletiva das estruturas de contenção seguida do teste mecânico.
As estruturas seccionadas foram, na ordem: Retináculo lateral ,ligamento femoropatelar medial(LPFM), retináculo medial, ligamento patelo tibial medial, ligamento patelo meniscal medial.
O estudo demonstrou que o ligamento patelo femoral medial é responsável por 60% da contenção da luxação lateral da patela .
A visibilizaçào por artroscopia confirmou o aspecto encontrado no estudo anatômico e demonstrou ser possível a reconstrução deste ligamento em toda a sua extensão por via artroscópica .Não há na literatura pesquisada referencia a reconstrução artroscópica do LFPM .

Sallay et al.(9) em 1996, estudaram 23 pacientes com luxação aguda da patela. Deste grupo 16 pacientes foram submetidos a artroscopia, seguida de exploração cirúrgica do lado medial do joelho.
Em 15 dos 16 pacientes foi encontrada lesão do ligamento femoropatelar medial (LFPM), que foi suturada .Estas lesões ocorreram,na maioria dos casos, na inserção do LFPM no epicôndilo femoral. Em alguns casos foi necessário o uso de ancoras para a sutura de reinserção do LFPM.
Os pacientes foram acompanhados por pelo menos 2 anos .Nenhum paciente que teve o LFPM reparado apresentou recorrência da luxação da patela .
Acreditamos que após este estudo anatômico artroscópico a reparação do LFPM será possível por via artroscópica .





REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

1. Ahmad CS, Stein BES, Matuz D, Henry JH. Immediate surgical repair of the medial patellar stabilizers for acute patellar dislocation. A review of eight cases. Am J Sports Med 28:804-810, 2000.

2. Atkin DM, Fithian DC, Marangi KS, Stone ML, Dobson BE, Mendelnsohn C. Characteristics of patients with primary acute patellar dislocation and their recovery within 6 months of injury. Am J Sports Med 28:472-479, 2000.

3. Conlan T, Grath WP, Lemons JE. Evaluation of the medial softtissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75:682-693, 1993.

4. Desio SM, Burks RT, Bachus KN. Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee. Am J Sports Med 26:59- 65, 1998.

5. Feller JA, Feagin JA, Garret WE, Jr. The medial patello femoral ligament revisited: an anatomical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1:184-6, 1993.

6. Hughston JC, Andrews JR, Cross MJ. The injured knee. J Med Assoc Ga, 63:362-368,1974.

7. Hughston JC, Walsh WM, Puddu G. Patellar subluxation and dislocation. Philadelphia:Saunders, 1984. 198p.

8. Nomura E. Classification of lesions of the medial patello-femoral ligament in patellar dislocation. Int Orthop 23:260- 263,1999.

9. Sallay PI, Poggi J, Speer KP, Garret WE. Acute dislocation of the patella. A correlative pathoanatomic study. Am J Sports Med 24:52-60, 1996.

10. Warren LF, Marshall JL. The supporting structures and layers on the medial side of the knee; an anatomical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 61:56-62, 1979

sexta-feira, 6 de julho de 2012

Needed, STAT: Health Care Workers with High-Tech Skills


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Health informatics jobs are on the rise, and all types of health care workers must have highly specialized digital fluency. 
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A recent report commissioned by Jobs for the Future found that job postings for health care informatics increased by 36 percent from 2007 to 2011, compared with a 9 percent growth in all health care postings, and 6 percent increase in all U.S. jobs.

This trend suggests an area of job growth not fully reflected in some labor data. Jobs for the Future, which is a national nonprofit that works to align education for low-income populations with high-demand careers, puts the findings of the report into context:

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) tracks just one type of health informatics position - medical records and health information technician - that accounts for only 60 percent of health informatics jobs. It ignores the growth in positions like supervisor and manager, auditor and compliance review staff, and clinical documentation and improvement specialists. At the same time, these positions have become more skilled, with entry-level jobs upgraded, lower-skilled positions shrinking, and greater clinical knowledge required for higher-level jobs.

The growing demand for highly skilled health informatics professionals reflects the fact that computerized technology is transforming the front lines of health care.

Medical informatics has a history that can be traced back to the 1950s, but only in the last decade or so has the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) become commonplace in community hospitals. As EMRs become standard practice, the technological foundation is in place to support a growing array of computerized systems and high-tech tools that "talk" to those systems. In addition to the informatics specialists who are needed to manage computerized systems, this transformation is affecting health care professionals across the board, in every specialty and at every level, who must master and maintain specialized digital skills in addition to their clinical skills.

For a real-world example of how quickly and dramatically computerized technology is changing the front lines of health care, consider Shawnee Mission Medical Center, a 504-bed hospital in Johnson County, Kansas, that serves the Kansas City metropolitan area. Shawnee Mission is big and busy, with nearly 700 staff physicians and more than 2,800 associates providing care to 20,000 inpatients and 200,000 outpatients each year.

The hospital implemented its EMR system in 2005, with steady additions and refinements over the next few years as the hospital laid the groundwork for the high-tech future. Now that future is here, with a tidal wave of new technologies. During the past year, Shawnee Mission has added and integrated a series of computerized systems and tools that are changing how doctors, nurses and other staff are tracking and maintaining clinical information.

Last August, the hospital made the switch from handwritten paper orders to Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE). All orders are now entered electronically, with the process supported by a best-practices module that assists doctors in creating an evidence-based, customized plan of care. Orders can be entered from anywhere with an Internet connection, and the system is supported by another tool that provides templates for progress notes.

Three months later, in November, Shawnee Mission began using Interdisciplinary Plan of Care (IPOC). Nurses use this system to develop a patient's plan of care, including all the specialists involved in that plan, such as dieticians and physical therapists. As with the CPOE system, nurses create a plan using a best-practices module and use the system to track progress against the plan and make adjustments.

In February, Medication Positive Patient Identification (mPPID) was added to the hospital's expanding technology toolbox. The rolling computer workstations that nurses take from bedside to bedside now include an mPPID barcode scanner. Medications are dispensed to nurses from a machine, based on the physician's orders. At the bedside, nurses scan the patient's armband and scan the barcode on the medication to verify it matches the medication and dose prescribed.

But wait, there's more. With all these systems in place, the hospital can upgrade to "smart" equipment that communicates real-time patient information to those systems. In March, all the hospital's IV pumps were replaced with next-generation smart IV pumps that are wirelessly connected to the server. Nurses choose IV drugs from the pump's library of drugs, and the pump helps calculate the flow rate. The pump constantly transmits data to the server, so that nurses can run a report at any time to see the progress of an IV. 

In April, the hospital started using new 12-lead EKGs that transmit results to the server, providing another piece of real-time diagnostic data that can be viewed remotely. In addition to providing up-to-the-minute patient data, smart equipment like this enables sophisticated tracking and trending of data for internal reporting and regulatory purposes (which leads us right back to the big demand for health informatics specialists).

All these computerized systems and tools offer many advantages, including increased patient safety and more efficient communication between providers. But implementing all these high-tech tools at Shawnee Mission required extensive training and teamwork. For health care professionals who are digital immigrants (meaning they didn't grow up in the digital age), the integration of all these tools into their practice requires the cultivation of a robust set of digital skills, as well the ability and willingness to learn and adapt as technology evolves.

Today's health care workers must be trained not just to use today's computerized tools, but also to have sufficient digital fluency to integrate upgrades and new tools into their workflow. The time has come when everyone involved in patient care, at every level and in every department, must interact with technology every day. Even for digital natives who are joining the health care field, health technologies aren't something that can be can be learned haphazardly or by trial and error. These technologies require highly specialized, up-to-date digital fluency. 

terça-feira, 3 de julho de 2012

Study Reveals Early Intervention of Physical Therapy Reduces Healthcare Utilization and Costs


Posted by  on June 4, 2012 · Leave a Comment 

Louisville, Kentucky (PRWEB) June 01, 2012
Principal members of the Evidence In Motion (EIM) faculty were part of a groundbreaking study that uncovered a positive correlation between early physical therapy and a reduction in both subsequent healthcare and costs. The study’s lead author, Julie M. Fritz, PT, PhD, ATC, was assisted by EIM’s John D. Childs, PT, PhDTimothy W. Flynn, PT, PhD; and Robert S. Wainner, PT, PhD.
The research team’s findings were published online ahead of the June issue of SPINE, a publication of professional health information for physicians, nurses, specialized clinicians, and students.
The study was designed to gain a better understanding of the value of referring patients with low back pain (LBP) from primary care to physical therapy and evaluate the effects of early physical therapy intervention on outcome, subsequent healthcare, and costs.
The research was based on data from 32,070 patients who received a recent LBP primary care consultation. Of the overall data sample, 7% received physical therapy treatment within 90 days. Researchers then assigned those referred to physical therapy to one of two groups: early physical therapy treatment – within 14 days of the consultation, or delayed physical therapy treatment – within 15-90 days of the consultation. At the end of the study, participants in the early intervention group experienced a decreased risk of further treatment such as advanced imaging, additional physician visits, surgery, injections, and pain-reliever medications. The study also revealed that during the 18-month follow-up period, medical costs for the early treatment group were $2,736 per patient lower than the group that delayed physical therapy.
“Research has established that high quality physical therapy results in measurable, positive changes in outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal conditions such as low back pain,” states research contributor John Childs, PT, PhD. “However, this is one of the first studies to show that early referral to physical therapy reduces LBP-related and overall health care costs as well. In particular, there were important reductions in the use of expensive and sometimes risky procedures such as drugs, surgery, and imaging.”
The study was supported by grants from the Orthopaedic and Private Practice Sections of the American Physical Therapy Association, the American Academy of Orthopaedic and Manual Physical Therapists and by a Texas State University faculty grant.
About EIM: EIM is an educational institution committed to creating and promoting a culture of evidence-based practice (EBP) within the physical therapy profession. Our mission is to elevate the physical therapy profession and the role of physical therapists in healthcare delivery. For more information, please visit EvidenceInMotion.com.
Related posts:
  1. Talk therapy reduces back pain
  2. High-level physical activity in childhood seems to protect against low back pain in early adolescence
  3. EIM Announces New And Improved Manual Physical Therapy Certification
  4. dherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Low Back Pain in Physical Therapy: Do Patients Benefit?
  5. A randomized trial of behavioral physical therapy interventions for acute and sub-acute low back pain

quinta-feira, 21 de junho de 2012

How Cities Can Help Fight Obesity



How Cities Can Help Fight Obesity
Active Living Research
Today’s post is co-authored with my colleague Marissa Ramirez, consulting project manager for sustainable communities at NRDC.
On Sundays in Ferguson, Missouri, the community encourages kids to play in the streets by closing them off to cars and turning them into temporary "parkways." Streets are closed in different neighborhoods each week as part of the city’s “Live Well” initiative for health. This is a great idea: studies show that children with regular access to parks and outdoor space have lower prevalence of obesity by 20 percent.
Ferguson’s initiative shows that there are simple things we can do at the level of our own neighborhood to improve quality of life and fitness. When we think of improving our health, we sometimes think that the entire burden is on individuals to alter lifestyles, which many people find discouraging. But, as we’ve reported before, steps taken by communities can make a big difference in making healthy lifestyles easier. 
We now have additional support for this point from a new report by the Bipartisan Policy Center and a recent article from US News & World Report, both published earlier this month. We also have a recently-revamped website that is filled with useful information on community health and active living.
First, the Bipartisan Policy Center’s new report, “Lots to Lose: How America’s Health and Obesity Crisis Threatens our Economic Future,” repeats the warning that growing obesity rates are a serious problem that extends to not only the well-being of our children but also to our economic security, because of health care costs. The core of the report provides specific prevention- and community-based recommendations based on best practices and organized into four categories: families, schools, workplaces, and communities. While the categories are interrelated, many readers of this blog will be particularly interested in the recommendations for communities:
  1. Train health care professionals in nutrition and physical activity
  2. Expand a “prevention-workforce” by providing training also to non-clinical, community health workers
  3. Provide incentives for community health services such as diabetes or weight loss education
  4. Improve menu options at large institutions, shifting food supply chains towards healthier options and better prices
  5. Promote positive nutrition and fitness examples at public institutions
  6. Use existing infrastructure assets to promote more local opportunities for physical activity
  7. Make creative use of technology, such as games, pedometers, or apps locating walking and recreation spots
  8. Incorporate physical activity and healthy transportation guidelines into construction codes and planning policies
Ferguson’s street closings for kids are a great example of how recommendation six can be implemented. Because the city used existing infrastructure, it was able to create new recreational space immediately at no additional cost.
The report and recommendations were released by former Secretaries of Agriculture Dan Glickman and Ann M. Veneman and former Secretaries of Health and Human Services Donna E. Shalala and Mike Leavitt. The leaders called attention to the country’s mounting health care spending, which is expected to reach $4.6 trillion dollars annually and consume almost 20 percent of GDP by 2020. The report urges the public and private sectors to collaborate in creating healthy families, schools, workplaces and communities, emphasizing practices that can be implemented on a large scale and help reduce obesity in the US.
While the BPC’s report does not especially focus on the effects of community design, Rachel Pomerance’s article in US News does. In particular, she features our friend Dr. Richard Jackson,author of two recent books and host of a current PBS series on the connections between design and health. Jackson particularly stresses the importance of walkable places to improving fitness and reducing risk of obesity-related disease such as diabetes.   
Pomerance’s article includes five tips for people interested in nurturing health in their communities:
  1. Start with youth, improving school lunches and periodically measuring kids’ health
  2. Rethink transportation options, considering walking when feasible
  3. For people who are moving, consider a neighborhood where you can use transit, which encourages walking at the beginning and end of trips
  4. “Complete the neighborhood,” by taking advantage of opportunities to add mixed-use amenities and local conveniences to existing places
  5. Press government agencies and homeowners’ associations for health-oriented improvements such as sidewalks and bike lanes.
Pomerance highlighted a study we also reported here, showing that users of Charlotte’s light rail service lost weight and reduced their risk of obesity by 81 percent compared to before they began using the system.   
Finally, Active Living Research, a program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has redesigned its information-laden website, which we highly recommend for those interested in community health and fitness. On the home page, for example, you will learn that kids who live near heavy traffic will have a five percent increase in Body Mass Index, on average, compared to those who don’t; that teens in poor neighborhoods are 50 percent less likely to have a nearby recreation facility; that kids who are physically active have higher grades in schools.  (Some of these facts are also succinctly summarized on the very useful website of WalkBoston, which we noted earlier.) 
Even better, if you are a practitioner in the field interested in exploring these issues in depth, the site has convenient links to resources on such subjects as the role of schools in promoting fitness, the state of observational research on physical activity in various specific contexts, and trends in walking and bicycling. There are research papers and briefs, webinars and videos, slide presentations, recommended policies, information on health impact assessments, and more, including the organization’s blog.
It’s great to see these issues gaining traction. Here’s a really fun video (with a nice blues band in the background) of a “Sunday Parkway” similar to Ferguson’s, but in Portland:
This post originally appeared on the NRDC's Switchboard blog.

quarta-feira, 20 de junho de 2012

Seven Habits of Highly Ineffective People

Contributor:  Process Excellence Network
Posted:  06/18/2012  12:00:00 AM EDT  | 
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Rate this Article: (4.3 Stars | 36 Votes) 


PEX leader are required to wear a variety of hats combing iimpressive technical knowledge with the ability to inspire and lead people through what can challenging circumstances. While all leaders might like to be a fusion of the visionary Steve Jobs and the Six Sigma architect Mikel Harry, it might be easier to recognize the habits that people have that make them ineffective leaders. 
Here are PEX Network’s 7 habits of highly ineffective people – emulate them at your peril!
Habit 1: Egotistical
Yes, you worked hard on a project. Yes, you're pleased with the result. But so is the rest of the team that worked with you. Giving credit where credit is due, and ensuring success is shared among workers will spark motivation and engagement, boosting productivity, and ultimately reflect better on you as a result. Ego itself can drive people to take risks and achieve, but left unchecked it makes for a highly ineffective leader.
Habit 2: Bad Temper
Some employees would be enough to try the patience of a saint, but a bad temper makes for an equally bad leader. If you're one who snaps at workers who come to you with a problem, or react badly when a minor mistake is make, it could be time for some anger management. Practice patience and education in the work place, save the bad temper for kick boxing lessons on the next away day. A good old fashioned deep breath should do the trick.
Habit 3: Poor Listener 
So, if you could talk to Peter about getting those numbers over to me by 5pm so I can send them to accounts in the morning ... oh sorry, were we talking about something else? In all seriousness, hearing and listening are two different things. A poor listener will hear the sounds of those around them, without actually listening to what they are saying. Despite what CVs say, not all employees are blessed with good communication skills, making being a good listener a highly important skill. After a conversation, take a second to think what has actually been said. If you're not sure, ask again.
Habit 4: Bully 
All too often bullying creeps into the workplace.  There is nothing wrong with wanting a task done right, getting your point across, or paying close attention to employees who are not performing.  A bully takes this one step further, often with results that are far less than desirable. Take a second to think about how it can be received by other people, then change the approach as needed.
Habit 5: Micromanager 
You wouldn't walk into a cafe and ask for coffee to be served at 127 degrees, stirred seven times clockwise with the handle positioned at a right angle to the edge of the table. So why do it in the work place? Classic signs of micromanagement include a resistance to delegating, spending too much time overseeing the work of others instead of doing your own, and seeing the small imperfections, rather than the larger picture.
Habit 6: Disorganised 
Being disorganised is not the sign of a bad leader; it is the sign of an ineffective one. Nor is being disorganised simply characterised by a messy desk and turning up three minutes late to each meeting, although neither should be encouraged.  Organisation is about planning ahead, making provisions for different possible outcomes and having a clear understanding of what needs to be done and how this will be achieved. How people do this is up to them.
A disorganised leader, defined as "lacking order or methodical arrangement or function", will not only not know something is going wrong, but be surprised with no clue how to fix it when it happens.
Habit 7: Defensive
Organisations are not dictatorships – or the most effective ones are not at least. You've taken the care to hire smart people, so don't be defensive or surprised if they seek to enquire about your decisions or suggest an alternative.  Defensive leaders assume people are incapable of leading themselves and must be managed at all stages. 
Yes, everyone likes to think they're always right, but a good leader should recognise this is not always the case and work with the skills and vision of others.